Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example While doing any business, it is needed that no laws are violated. Organizations should not rely on auditors, cops, manuals or ethics officers to incorporate ethics into the strategic activities, as values need to be a key component while formulating a strategy. Transparency should always be observed. Moreover, employee development should be one of the key objectives incorporating ethics as its important constituent – encouraging all staff members to be demanding as far as the ethical domain is concerned. While assessing organizational performance at the end of the year, ethical behavior – that how it fared with others should be an important criterion. Although it is widely recognized by most corporations to incorporate social responsibility and ethical behavior in their day-to-day functioning, yet it is commonly observed that even large corporations have been often found flouting it. That means companies overstep ethical boundaries while fulfilling stakeholders’ agendas. The case of Nestle is worth elaborating here. Nestle launched free distribution of baby milk powder in some of the African countries – making mothers dependable on Nestle’s infant formula until the time their milk dry up. This is essentially to promote their milk formula and increase their consumption. This is surely an unethical way to promote the company business in poor African countries. Unethical business practices came into limelight when the New Internationalist exposed Nestle’s unethical business practices, a way back, in 1973. Nestle run elaborate publicity campaigns in third world countries where there is a huge market for baby milk powder. The campaign also aimed at changing cultural habits of the people such as breastfeeding to increase their sales. The unethical marketing practices of Nestle prevented breastfeeding to millions of infants causing malnutrition, underfeeding and making them prone to deadly diseases. As per James Grant, the Exe cutive Director of UNICEF, breastfeeding could have saved lives of hundreds of thousands of infants in the 1980s (New Internationalist, 1982). Wal-Mart is known as the largest retailer across the world; however, the point to be noted is how the company can behave so unethically towards its employees. In 2000, Deborah Shank, a 52-year old employee at Wal-Mart, got collided with a semi-trailer while at work and damaged her brain remaining in a wheelchair for the rest of her life. She received $700,000 as the compensation from the trucking company. After meeting other expenses, a fund of $417,000 was kept in a special trust to take care of Shank. However, after the period of six years, Wal-Mart sued Deborah for $470,000 that the company had spent on her treatment because the employment contract dictated that any compensation granted to an employee in an accident settlement case would belong to Wal-Mart. Deborah's economic status suddenly became precarious – fully dependent on so cial security scheme and Medicaid to meet her medical needs. In this particular case, Wal-Mart's behavior was entirely unethical towards Deborah who was the company’s ex-employee (Hynes, 2011). Union Carbide, a large multinational company in 1980s (later taken over by Dow Chemical), is another glaring example of gross unethical business practices – violating all statutory safety norms that resulted into leakages of Methyl isocyanate, a deadly poisonous gas, killing

Investment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Investment report - Essay Example Trading techniques, for example, the ‘momentum’ has enabled many traders to realize significant out performance in the investment markets. On the other hand, ‘contrarian’ technique/strategy is placed in the third place. To understand how investment strategies operate, traders need to review features of these strategies. However, in the process of applying the stated techniques, it is important to note that studies done on the foreign exchange markets indicate that their a corresponding reliance of data from various sources. When the information emerges from competing trade on investment, the most renowned is ‘market’ strategy which is closely followed by ‘momentum’ and finally ‘the contrarian’ technique. A different theory indicates that all the strategies listed above can work autonomously in investment activities. It means that there is possibility of relating an organization with a particular technique and another with a different strategy. For example, people who prefer using marketing strategies are known to understand stock market trends. In addition, they may also be perceived as better placed in the stock market activities than the competitors. Among the available strategies in the stock market, marketing strategy has existed for the longest time (Lintner, 2001). A number of researches conducted before indicate that marketing strategy has been producing excess returns in the stock market. In this project, the assumptions made on marketing strategy will only help in developing the strategy that will be applied. The difference between the three strategies is the contrarian and momentum strategies rely much on the information got after technically reviewing the nature and performance of the stock markets, while market strategy rely much on the stock market’s history. On a different scale, if an investor translates the results of his or her investment as the

How music influences the fashion industry

How music influences the fashion industry This study is purposely carried out in order to find out whether music has any influence on fashion. The research question that will be a guide to the establishment of the intended explanation will be: Does music influence fashion? The hypothesis therefore for this study will be; music has had a great influence on fashion both now and in the recent historical times. This is greatly supported by the fact that music is an independent variable and has everlasting effects of various aspects of the society including fashion (Powell, 2001, pp 134). Fashion in this case will serve as a dependent variable since it is affected differently by the different types of music that exist within the society. Additionally, it has been seen that fashion changes with the entry of a certain song to the music industry (Lounger In Society, 2009, pp 4). This study as it tries to establish the effect of music on fashion will provide helpful information to the fashion designers because they will be able to id entify the best marketing strategies for their products by relating it to a particular genre of music that is considered fashionable (Huntley, 1972, pp 66). Introduction There are various entities in every society that influences its behavior and interaction among its members. The way people work, relate, play, eat or even dance is influenced by music in one way or the other. Within the society, it is also important to note that its members have different tastes and preferences to various kinds of music (Powell, 2001, pp 137). Such kind of music includes reggae, rhythm and blues, pop, rock, classical, hip-hop, jazz among others. Music in essence is a form of an art that organizes sound in a melodious manner with the aim of expressing feelings and emotions. It is rare on earth to find a human being who does not have a taste to any kind of music (Shmoop University, 2000, pp 13). The music could either be international like reggae, pop and rock, or local as used by various native languages within a certain locality. Music has tremendously grown and may prove hectic for one to be able to categorize it into various types because its origin may not be easi ly decoded by history (Huntley, 1972, pp 69). The study of behavior and music shows that music has an eccentric influence on fashion as manifested by the trends emulated by youths and other members of the society. Fashion can be defined as the mirror of what the society thinks and does within a certain period of time (Randel, 2003, pp 253). This is widely noticeable when music of a particular genre is released and attracts the attention of many listeners. This is also expressed through the radio stations that people listen to and the videos for the songs they watch. Music is an integral part of the social environment and cannot be avoided. It also influences how young people grow up and ultimately contributes in the setting of various societal norms (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). This is seen as a way that creates excitement and alters how an individual especially teenagers dress and decide to emulate the dressing code of a particular singer. This research will greatly dwell in providing evidence that the various trends in the music i ndustry have had a big influence on fashion (Warner, 2003, pp 123). Aims and objectives It has always been and will remain to be a belief that music is the food of the soul and a panacea of the mind as greatly depicted by the ability of children and other individuals to grasp a verse of a particular song within a short time (Randel, 2003, pp 253). This becomes a relevant topic because it influences different dressing styles of the society being examined. The purpose of this research therefore is to revisit the evolution and history of music and cultural backgrounds, outline various types of music, examine the prominent debates relating to music and fashion, and enumerate various fashion trends in each type of music. The research will further introduce and examine various fashion designers, musicians, and photographers who have influenced fashion through their careers particularly music (Cargan, 2007, pp 116). Literature review The success of this research and the definite provision of solutions to the identified objectives will dwell on the facts provided by various writings that relate to this topic. Various authors have shared their arguments and made immense contributions to indicate that indeed, music has an influence on fashion. This is clearly pointed out and illustrated by the dressing styles that people copy when they listen to a particular type of music. Tortora and Eubank in their book Survey of historic costume: a history of Western dress argued that the industry related to fashion has always been a risky venture due to unpredictable dressing trends emulated by the society caused by the dynamics in music industry. They pointed out that people changed the ways they dressed to imitate that of the singers in any famous song within a particular period of time (Tortora Eubank, 2005, pp 171, 519). An article by Hunter in the Cincinnati Magazine points out clearly that music and fashion are one entity and they go hand in hand. He used an example of the seventies where there was spontaneous freedom in the choice of music that was attractive to the youthful population of the time. During that time, people went for the outfits that would make one look disco-like and contrasts the ones of the nineties. He however showed that the fashion tastes for a particular age-group may be different and this is enhanced by music that they listen to (Hunter, 1997, pp 50). Duran Alan on the other hand gives diverse interpretations that have been given as it relates to fashion. He uses an example of David Bowies song, Fashion that clearly points out how rock music is intertwined with fashion concerning the dancing styles and mode of dress. According to him, the interpretation of fashion and how it has been affected by music does not involve the taking of rigid stands and should not be assumed (Dur an, 1984, pp 189). Wilbekin on his part while interviewing Armani (a designer) was able to find out that most of the fashion outfits he makes are determined by the type of music people listen to. An example of hip hop music is given where he says that it embraces the fact that one becomes more real and individualistic. This is because according to Armani, all rules of fashion have been broken by hip hop by technically fusing sportswear and high fashion. In addition, he says that the street wear has formed a fundamental idea of modern and casual lifestyles. We can be able to identify that this magazine critically answers our research question. He also uses the examples of DAngelo, Mariah Carey, and Lauryn Hill to explain the influence that the musicians have made in his fashion boutique. He also points out that most hip hop artists are attracted to the legendary Italian wear like suits, fedoras, and jewelry and this will automatically be copied by their listeners (Wilbekin, 2000, pp 172). In her book, Fundamentals of sociology, Sharma points out that music refines human tendencies in day to day life which enhances the societal feelings depicted through singing and dancing. He also adds that since there have been improved modes of communication, the influence of a particular genre of music spans over a wide area thus proving a universal effect (Sharma, 1996, pp 345). The effects are clearly brought out when Steele analyses the effects music has had to the society for the last fifty years (Steele, 2000, pp 155). It critically examines the effect it has brought culturally, socially and even economically. It is important to point out that during the same period, there was a great evolution of music and thus the effects were diverse. She enhances her analysis by using fashion pictures thus providing the required evidence of the changing fashion trends of the time (Steele, 2000, pp 163). Blackwell and Stephan in the book Brands that Rock have used Madonna as a perfect example to bring in the fact that music influences everything and fashion cannot be left out. They explain that music hypnotizes everybody and this relates to Madonnas fashion of KISS. They have indicated that the success of this fashion trend was achieved due to various performances and shows in clubs (Blackwell et al, 2004, pp 157). What would follow were unprecedented sales of the clothing inclined to the KISS fashions. In this case, it has been illustrated that people were able to elevate themselves to megastar status by choosing music as the best choice to do so. This involved the choosing of the best music style that was acceptable and quality and this would influence people of all categories (Blackwell et al, 2004, pp 153). Bunt on the other hand categorically states that because music influences the society, the effect will automatically shift to fashion. This serves to answer our research quest ion because Bunt has shown that music has some influence on fashion (Bunt, 19994, pp 98). The effort of Radano and Bohlman cannot be left out in this research due to their contribution in the provision of facts of the effects of Gypsy music in rural Hungary. According to them, the effect of this kind of music swept the rural Hungary irrespective of the age bracket. This was followed by the imitation of the dressing culture of the musicians and this had immense effect on the fashion and the traditional musical traditions (Radano and Bohlman, 2000, pp 409). In his comparative studies, Kerman in his part took much consideration on the assimilative culture of Elizabethan madrigal. According to him, the impetus of copying foreign musical styles led to the local flourishing of musicians and within a short span of twenty five years, the whole fashion industry had drastically changed. He credits the cause of the changes to the native inspiration of musicians and their fans (Kerman, 1962, pp 130). Hockx and Strauss on their part made a significant impact in this field by taking a study on the Chinese culture. According to them, the dressing culture of the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have been influence by a particular musical genre. Beijing for instance has faced a lot influence from rock music while the city of Xinjiang has been influenced by pop music. They also point out that this has contributed immensely in dynamic change of fashion where music is the driving force. The local music industry has seen itself adapting to innovative ways which are instantly copied by the fashion industry and ultimately their fans (Hockx Straus, 2005, pp 3). Hendrickson in his book Musica Christi gives us some information about the effect that music has had on fashion. He takes into consideration a discussion by various theologians that shows that the dynamic nature of music has influenced the defining of analogia entis and fashion. The effect of musical styles on fashion during the renaissance period has also been wholly discussed and this goes in line with our research question and our objectives (Hendrickson, 2005, pp 83). Sims in his book Rock Fashion illustrates and explains the fashion trends that have accompanied the changing times of rock music. One example is the fetish wear items and biker clothes that were won by singers and this was immediately imitated by the listeners. Chain jackets and sideburns that the rock musicians like are most of the time seen among their listeners and fans. Sims goes ahead and uses the example of Cliff Richards white tie and Johnny Kidds eye patching that made most of their fans to change their wardrobe. His contribution in this research extends further when he points out that in the past forty years, the rock stars have influenced fashion in various cultural groups of the world (Sims, 2001, pp 14). Jones in his book Fashion Design expresses music as an inspiration to the world of fashion since designers are forced in one way or the other to be creative and follow the fashion details and fabrics that would fit the listener market for a particular genre of music. He p oints out that a good fashion designer goes with the music of the time if he/she has to make good sales. This clearly points out how music influences fashion (Jones, 2005, pp 17). An article by Tony Ware in the CMJ Music Magazine titled Brand New Wave describes the dressing trends of the eighties where musicians wore asymmetrical outfits to battle for their commercial space in the discos. This extended to the various geometric haircuts by musicians like Britney and Kid Rock. From this analysis, we can point out clearly that the fans would go ahead and ape their model stars especially in the field of hip hop and pop (Tony, 2001, 45). Vernallis in her book Experiencing music video: aesthetics and cultural context, takes into consideration enormous effect that music video has influenced music and fashion. The visual imagery that pop songs of the sixties had on the society according to her, affected fashions to a very large extend. She points out clearly that the introductions of music videos enabled the fans to watch for themselves and thus were able to identify the particular dressing styles of their stars. They would in turn copy it and thus making the fashion of the society to be affected in a way that follows the trends of the time (Vernallis, 2004, pp 287). Shepherd John in his book titled Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Media, industry and society made a significant contribution to this research by identifying the various musical types and how they have influence fashion. His book contains contributions from more than a hundred individuals relating to how popular music has influenced the society. His works contain all the influences music has had on the societal culture which of course has a direct influence on fashion trends that accompanies the songs. The book clearly indicates that, regardless of any part of the world, music has a significant influence on the trending trends of the listeners (Shepherd, 2003, pp 56). Morrell Ernest in his book Becoming Critical Researchers uses the evidence from the urban culture teenagers to conclude his finding that music has a direct influence on fashion. He says that hip hop for instance influences fashion as indicated by a college student wearing a T-shirt and a hat which i s mostly a characteristic of hip hop musicians (Morrell, 2004, pp 72). The contributions made by Kendall Diana to this research cannot be left out because she has brought clearly the aspect of fashion as a valued style of behavior found in many areas of our lives including music (Martin Lehu, 2009, pp 34). She further asserts that contemporary music and clothing in the United States to some extent reflect some aspect of African, Caribbean, and Asian culture. It is also in this book that we can be able to know that music has facilitated cross-cultural influence in fashion indicated by the dressing styles that accompany the song in question (Kendall,2009, pp 66). Bennet, Temperley and Yang in their book Lectures on musical life, endeavored to show the influence that music as an art has had on fashion. According to them, music is rooted in the acceptable manners of the society and these results in dynamism associated with every kind of new music that comes across. They went ahead and pointed out that the performance of a particular fashion as rooted on mu sic has a traceable and more gradual effect on the composition of the song itself (Bennet et al, 2006, pp 146). Research Methodology The primary method that was used to obtain the answers to the objectives of this research involved the use of questionnaire. A well structured questionnaire was formulated and contained probing questions that would ensure that the correct answers are obtained from those whom they were administered to. The use of this method of obtaining the required data is reliable and facts are recorded instantly thus merited (Miller Salkind, 2000, 27). The method is also advantageous because information is obtained from the correct person and not second hand which would otherwise lead to distortion of results (Lippman, 1999, pp 34). The presence of the person who is administering the questionnaire is also an advantage for this method because the questions that have not been understood may further be explained in more understandable manner. The method however, is too involving and cumbersome. In addition, it was realized that open-ended questions took longer time to be answered and took long time to be analyzed while some respondents made a lot of exaggeration in some other questions (Cargan, 2007, pp 116). The questionnaire that was used in this research consisted of twenty five questions all which were geared towards achieving the objectives of the research. Some of the questions included among the following: What is music? What is fashion? Is fashion influenced by music? Give the instances that you think fashion has been influenced by music? What types of music do you know? Briefly describe the history of music according to your own understanding. Name any musician who has influenced your wardrobe or that of someone you know (Titon et al, 2009 25). These are some of the sample questions that were in the questionnaire among others. In order to minimize errors and enhance accuracy, two hundred and fifty questionnaires were prepared and administered over randomly selected individuals. Results were then collected and analyzed before arriving at the final conclusion (Metz Benson, 1999, pp 166). The other primary method that was used was direct interview with identified clients. Interview however had fewer questions than the questionnaire but answers were more detailed because the interviewer could use various skills to identify if the person they are interviewing has answered the question correctly (Seale, 2004, pp 165). Wherever a mistake was realized, the interviewer would immediately devise ways that would ensure the question is correctly answered. The method however has some limitations, these includes; the exercise itself being too involving and sometimes affected by language barrier or handling illiterate clients. The interviewer was also expected to avail himself to the client unlike the use of questionnaire where it would just be sent to trusted clients. Few interviews were however carried out because they were just meant to supplement the questionnaire. Data collected was then analyzed and relevant results recorded (Seale, 2004, pp 170). In the course of the research however, there were instances that required the use of secondary sources with the aim of primarily giving weight to the data that were already collected (Kumar, 2001, pp 58). Our research used library search as and indexing and involved the research panel going through written texts that had similar topic on the effects of music on fashion. This method was the best alternative of secondary sources because it provides trusted results and data thus enhancing the accuracy of the data being collected (Kumar, 2001, pp 63). Futhermore, its analysis required minimal time and limited skills from the research panel. This method however had a limitation because it was difficult to obtain the exact required data and thus several texts were to be analyzed. This consumed some good quality time in the research (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). Results and Findings After the completion of the research and findings analyzed, it was found out that most people agreed with the fact that music affects their fashion in one way or the other. Some would find themselves aping the dressing styles of the musical stars or the hair styles (Hook, 2010, pp 3). Others however were not directly affected by music but out at their friends who find themselves changing their wardrobe to resemble that of renowned stars like Rihanna, Jay-Z, Madonna among others (Tera, 2009). Due to the agreeable fact that music affects our lives, its found out that the rate at which the listeners respond to a particular fashion was unpredictable since music solely depends on mass media for it to be heard or known (Manlow, 2009, pp 45). The introduction of musical videos is seen as milestone that enhanced how music affected their fashion because they can be able to perceive the current trend of dressing (Perpetual-vogue, 2008). The history of music according to this research can be factually traced until the First World War where jazz music was sang in the 1920s (Miller Salkind, 2002, pp 16). Famous jazz players like Louis Armstrong began his career as a jazz player and his music attracted many people of the time (Tera, 2009). The euphoria of jazz was later replaced by Swing type of music which was later replaced by Rock and Roll of the 1950s. In 1960s, The Beatles was the fashionable musical style of the time. The rockers of the 50s were primarily characterized by leather jackets and the keeping of long unkempt hair. On top of these, drainpipe trousers and rubber-soled shoes were a characteristic of Rock and Roll artists (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 269). Music of the 1960s made so many people to be cloth-conscious and teenage fashion of the time entailed the wearing of short hair, shoes and green parkas were relatively long. It was during this time that musicians started wearing necklaces and were quickl y aped by their fans (Jones Brown, 2005 pp 128). Disco hits came in the 70s which became a driving tool of fashion in the urban areas and it may seem as though the style is dead but the current fashion is deeply rooted in it. People in the 80s and 90s desired the Grunge look popularized by hip-hop and involves attires not limited jumpsuits, sneakers, and Kangol hats (Katz Dahlhaus, 1987, pp 93). Fashion of this generation is considered modest and the music industry of this genre was popularized by artists like Notorious B.I.G, Tupac Shakur, and Jay-Z among others (Hess, 2007, pp 406). Wearing of t-shirts and jeans is an example of the millennium music closely related to Hip-hop fashion and pop (Welters Cunningham 2005 pp 19). The supremacy of baggy jeans and large black rimmed glasses are characteristic of fashion in this musical era. It was also found out that it is during this time that the use of pink color by the lady world found its way to the fashion shelves (Rosengren, 1994, pp 73). In the course of this research, various kinds of music were identified and it was clearly pointed out that each musical genre was related to a particular fashion trend. Among the genres include; classical music, rock music, metal music, hip-hop music, trance music, jazz music, and techno among others (Katz Dahlhaus, 1987, pp 93). It is important to note that irrespective of the type, music has an impact on its listeners. The roots of Rock type of music can be traced to the rock and roll era which began a dance but later became dominant to the teenage audience of the time. Metal music on the other hand is a rather rapidly played music that dates back to World War II (Henwood, 2010, pp 16). Most people consider it to be associated with members of the society who are not satisfied and this has greatly impacted on the other types of music. The minorities in America are believed to be the inventors of rap music characterized by break dancing and a lot of graffiti. This kind of music has also influenced the Jamaican music which is deeply rooted in reggae music (Benstock Ferriss, 1994, pp 197). Wedding music was also identified in the research but one can realize that it can be fused with other types like classical or traditional. This is because wedding is an occasion characterized by the changing moods of the people (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). It also diverse among the different cultures of the world and dancing in this occasion can range from the Brazilian salsa and even to pop music. Hip-hop on the other hand is the one characterized almost all instruments with bass taking the prominence (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 88). It is generally used by artists to show different feelings and this has resulted in hip-hop culture and thus hip-hop fashion. The roots of this musical genre can be traced to West African music. Trance music is mostly played in clubs and discotheques and is easily traced to the 20th century music. It is basically characterized by fast tempo and quick repetition of beats that creates a hypnotic effect on its listeners (Longhurst, 2007, pp235). The research would not have been successful if country music would not have been identified. This kind of music and a couple of other folk music gained popularity in the 40s to mid 70s by musicians like Bob Wills and Bill Mornoe (Greaves, 2009). There is also Techno music which was identified and this has been seen to have a direct relationship and following among high school students. Western music has a variety of musical genres among them are music which incorporates classical and experimental music (Wallin et al, 2001, pp 49). There is also the pop music and fabulous music that ranges from reggae, rock, and metallic. Latin music has also been gaining popularity in the recent past and with its unique dressing style, people are also aping the fashion associated with all the kinds of music (Krummel, 1987, pp 93). Music as identified from the research carried out affects fashion and fashion trends in any society. It has been indicated that fashion is the styles especially dressing which are constantly dynamic in a given culture within a given time (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 124). Someone may be considered fashionable when they fit to the current dressing trends that are mostly popularized by music (Llanas, 2010 pp 11). When they do not fit to such kinds of dressing modes then they are considered unfashionable. Fashion can sometimes be used together with beauty or style. Fashion trends have solely been influenced by musicians and songwriters to the extent that the fashion industry has been intertwined with musicians (Bierut et al, 2002, pp 259). Such artists use their fame popularity to sell a particular line of clothing. Jennifer Lopez and Gwen Stefani for instance are making a kill by incorporating fashion and music (Gehlhar 2008, pp 230). Adidas as a fashion phenomenon was popularized by rap song and this resulted in massive sales. This also happens to other wears like hats, tracks and T-shirts. The trend is seen to have change to sleeveless rock T-shirts in the 90s and was particularly popularized by musicians like Poison, Ratt, and Ozzy among others (Seale 2004, pp 165). The Grunge look is also a fashion trend that was popularized by Nirvana in the 90s while Kangol became fashionable when LLcool J placed it as a trademark of his hat. It is also in the 1980s that Madonna drastically changed the way girls dressed to look bold and beautiful (Perkins, 1996, pp 266). She became the queen of fashion during this time and most girls imitated her dressing style to the fullest (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 267). On characteristic of this era was the black leggings, bangles, bracelets, ballerina skirts, large earrings among others. This resulted in the formation of the MTV television network that brought out stars and their out standing fashions (Solomon Rabolt , 2004, pp 72). The launch of MTV popularized the fashion trends of musicians like Michael Jackson, Madonna, Whitney Houston, among others in the year beginning 1981. Their names were extensively used in various households and this promoted imitation of their fashion by teens and even young adults (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 127). This includes his legendary jackets which he wore mostly in his videos and later the white gloves of the millennium times that are still worn by his fans even after his death. A song sung by Madonna titled vogue mentions some of the renowned actors and actresses who have influenced the wardrobe of the populace (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 89). Among the people she mentions includes Grace Kelly, Jimmy Dean Jean Harlow among others this was seen as a tool that generated more sales for fashion designers (Schneck et al, 2008, pp 186). It is vividly noticeable that whenever a new song comes out, fashion changes and it appears rather funny to see how people change rapidly with the entry of a particular song. One example is during Avril Lavigne time when she released her song Girlfriend. Just because the video of the song featured her wearing a tight miniskirt was enough to make other girls ape (Lysloff Gay, 2003, pp 334). It is important to mention the contributions of three hip hop artists who have been the latest movers and shakers in the fashion industry. Kelis Daringa in the video of her song I bossy is credited for the introduction of the sleek and A-symmetrical haircut that was immediately imitated by her fans (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 124). Rihanna on her part as a pop star changed her look from the traditional brown hair to the edgy black style. The influence that she elicited can best be seen by looking at teenage girls around. Kanye West on his part has impacted the fashion industry wherever he goes. T alk of sweater vests and unique sunglasses and all directly linked to him (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 260). Conclusion Both music and fashion are forms of art and are inseparable since they depict our expressions and viewpoints within our scope (Hawkins, 2006, pp 12). It was found in this research that people dress in relation to the music they listen to and thus providing an answer to our research question, does music affect fashion? Our cross-examination of the last six decades has given us tangible evidence on the growth of music and how it has influenced and how it has impacted on the wardrobe of their listeners (Lysloff Gay, 2003, pp 330). Fashion designers and marketers are fully aware of the effect of music on their products and they can only be able to maximize their sales by coordinating it with music. It is also important to mention the fact that people are placed in a particular stereotypical image due to the music that they listen to and the clothes they put on (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 88).

Essay --

In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that expressed concern that many species were in danger of becoming extinct. These native plants/ animals are on the verge of disappearing forever...this act needs to save them. This act will protect and help species at risk of extinction recover. By promoting policies nationwide to help species recover that are native to the U.S., this act enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), will help make these goals possible. In order to ensure that this is possible, the ESA contains sections that encourage States to maintain conservation programs for these species at risk. There are safe harbor agreements, candidate conservation agreements, and conservation banks that are in effect in sake of these threatened/ endangered species ("Endangered Species Act"). IUCN REDLIST The main goal of the Red List is to motivate the global community to help protect species from going extinct, while we can still make a change. †ªSome plans are to improve fisheries management, monitor and minimize effects of human disturbance in breeding areas, and provide nest boxes in predator-free areas in order to help monitor reproductive success for the penguins (Red List).†¬ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is different each time due to the fact that the update changes the numbers of species listed in each category. Some reasons for this cause is because of various factors, including new species being added to the Red List, species being reassessed and moved into a different category of threat, and taxonomic revisions, which can change the total population of species within a group (Red List). IUCN has more than 1,... ...redible cultural asset to their land. Therefore, the Galapagos penguins are valuable, and need to be preserved. 1. Personally, a loss of any creature is a sad topic to discuss, especially an extinction. Our hopes are that this species does not go extinct in the near future. There are only 2000 of them left. There are wildlife efforts to save these galapagos penguins that must remain a necessity. By donating  £25 to the Galapagos Conservation Trust, you can adopt a Galà ¡pagos penguin. This adoption program is a UK registered charity working for the conservation needs of the Galà ¡pagos Islands (Galapagos Conservation Trust). It would be a disappointment if the last Galapagos penguin dies before any children can view them. It will be an amazing accomplishment if this species is preserved and taken off the Endangered Species List. Let's stay on the road to recovery! Essay -- In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that expressed concern that many species were in danger of becoming extinct. These native plants/ animals are on the verge of disappearing forever...this act needs to save them. This act will protect and help species at risk of extinction recover. By promoting policies nationwide to help species recover that are native to the U.S., this act enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), will help make these goals possible. In order to ensure that this is possible, the ESA contains sections that encourage States to maintain conservation programs for these species at risk. There are safe harbor agreements, candidate conservation agreements, and conservation banks that are in effect in sake of these threatened/ endangered species ("Endangered Species Act"). IUCN REDLIST The main goal of the Red List is to motivate the global community to help protect species from going extinct, while we can still make a change. †ªSome plans are to improve fisheries management, monitor and minimize effects of human disturbance in breeding areas, and provide nest boxes in predator-free areas in order to help monitor reproductive success for the penguins (Red List).†¬ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is different each time due to the fact that the update changes the numbers of species listed in each category. Some reasons for this cause is because of various factors, including new species being added to the Red List, species being reassessed and moved into a different category of threat, and taxonomic revisions, which can change the total population of species within a group (Red List). IUCN has more than 1,... ...redible cultural asset to their land. Therefore, the Galapagos penguins are valuable, and need to be preserved. 1. Personally, a loss of any creature is a sad topic to discuss, especially an extinction. Our hopes are that this species does not go extinct in the near future. There are only 2000 of them left. There are wildlife efforts to save these galapagos penguins that must remain a necessity. By donating  £25 to the Galapagos Conservation Trust, you can adopt a Galà ¡pagos penguin. This adoption program is a UK registered charity working for the conservation needs of the Galà ¡pagos Islands (Galapagos Conservation Trust). It would be a disappointment if the last Galapagos penguin dies before any children can view them. It will be an amazing accomplishment if this species is preserved and taken off the Endangered Species List. Let's stay on the road to recovery!

Conflict In Algeria Between Their French Settlers History Essay

This paper aims to explicate and analyse the instance of the struggle between the Algerian population and their Gallic colonists. The ground of the struggle is the dissension of the Algerians with the unjust intervention the Gallic were giving to them specially in footings of instruction, political relations and life quality. The construction of this paper is to measure the struggle harmonizing to the content of the class of â€Å" Conflict Management † foremost supplying a general background of the state of affairs and analysing if it is a struggle or a difference. Then the writers classify the struggle harmonizing to several standards and province if it is an intractable or manipulable struggle placing the phases it has been trough. And there is besides an analysis of the used schemes and if those schemes brought a declaration or a colony, it is traveling to be examined the relationship of the parties and the trust among them. Finally there are besides studied the unethical tactics and the type of scheme used. In order to recognize this undertaking there were used several beginnings from Data bases that contains newspapers articles and magazines articles. The writers besides used secondary informations that has been collected by other beginnings such as some dependable web pages.Conflict in AlgeriaBackgroundThe Algerian Independence procedure began in 1954 because of the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as 2nd -class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities. The revolution ‘s philosophical foundations came from the privileged Algerians who were skilled by the Gallic instruction system[ 1 ]. As a effect of this Algerians started to considerate military solutions as the lone manner to accomplish ego finding. This was leaded by a group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) under the leading of Ahmed Ben Bella who was looking frontward to a independent Algeria, a societal democratic state within an Islamic model.[ 2 ] At the get downing the military motions did non hold mass popular support ; nevertheless the oppressive Gallic reprisals for European victims started traveling popular sentiment behind the FLN. As the struggle was turning up the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency[ 3 ], but besides turned universe sentiment against France. France turned into a immense concentration camp the Algerian district where mass apprehension and anguish were implemented to interrupt the financess of the independent motions. The struggle was turning fast, the figure of victims rose and the Algerians where desperate and needed desperately the triumph. In 1958 is carried out the putsch that brought back into power the Gallic Charles de Gaulle after 10 old ages of absence. Afterwards the terminal of the war came with the Evian understanding signed in March 18, 1962 between France and theA FLN, which ended the war and grantedA Muslim independency for Algeria[ 4 ]. Harmonizing to the information given in category we can categorise this state of affairs as a struggle because it occurred in a long period of clip, it has its roots really back in the yesteryear, around the 1800 with the Gallic colonialism in northern Africa but the independency procedure started in 1954. It is besides consider as a struggle because it involves non-negotiable issues such as the misdemeanor of human rights. We besides identify a zero-sum game thought because both parties ( Gallic authorities and the Algerians ) were non interested in making a dialogue that suits both sides demands, they had wholly opposite involvements. The effects of the war were lay waste toing both pecuniary and human lifes, the Gallic victims where about 100.000 and the Algerians loses exceed a million while another one million eight hundred 1000 people where refugees[ 5 ]. These types of effects are besides relevant to tag this scenario as a struggleAlgerian struggle categorizationForms of manifestation: the Algerian struggle is a violent one because in the independent motions of this state were involved the Gallic ground forces an another armed groups who finished off with many civilians lifes, it is besides an intractable struggle because making an understanding was a unsmooth and hard procedure that took really long clip. Scope: this struggle is systemic because harmonizing to the definition, it involves parties within and outside a territorial lodger or nationality of the parties involved. The Algerian district, dwellers and authorities and it ‘s encroachers the Gallic and besides the international community who did n't take part straight in the struggle but ever manifestate the dissension with the Gallic behaviour towards Algeria. Percept: The struggle is non pseudo because the dissension does be, and besides the beings of opposite involvement it is besides expressed, so harmonizing to the perceptual experience the struggle is existent. Both parties show their involvements and demands, their differences, mutual exclusivenesss and opposite precedences, and cognize what the other ‘s party are. Causes: Harmonizing to causes, the struggle is political because it involves the authorities engagement and there is besides the presence of cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. But it besides can be seen as an ideological struggle because the Algerians where in dissension with the Gallic authorities in the manner they were treated and they supported the group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) who helped to distribute through the whole state the independency feelings. Consequences: The effects of this struggle were destructive because of all the economical, political, territorial and human losingss that result from this independency war. Beginnings: The state of affairs between Algeria and the Gallic colonial authorities is a struggle of involvement where both parties have wholly different demands and they try to enforce their ain to the other. Organizational degree: Harmonizing to the organisational degree this struggle can non be classified since it does non take topographic point into an organisation, but we could state that it is an intergroup struggle since it involves two different groupsTractable or IntractableHarmonizing to the definition given by Peter T. Coleman â€Å" Intractable struggles are those that persist for long periods of clip, are destructive and resist every effort to decide them constructively † . Thus we can state this is an intractable struggle since it last long clip and presented a great figure of casualities, one hundred thousand Gallic colonists and soldiers died, while over one million Algerian civilians and guerillas were executed and killed.[ 6 ] The struggle besides was hard to work out because both parties had wholly opposite aims and moral differences.Phases of the ConflictLatent Conflict: Since 1830 when France invaded a colonize Algeria. Conflict Emerge: The motion for independency came from the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as second-class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities.[ 7 ] Conflict Escalation: Many conditions encouraged this escalation. After the Indochina War Algerians soldiers began to see that it was clip to obtain independency for Algeria and as the Gallic colonial authorities did non desire to lose their land, on November 1, 1954, FLNA launched onslaughts in assorted parts of the district against military installings, constabulary stations, warehouses, communications installations, and public public-service corporations. Both parties said the lone manner to carry through their aims was war[ 8 ] Deadlock: Around 1958-9, they realized the struggle was merely go forthing many deceases puting them in a Mutually Hurting Stalemate. De-escalation / Negotiation: Started once more on 1961 at Evian when Gallic authorities reopenedA negotiations with the FLN. Dispute Colony: Finally reached on 1962 with the Evian Accords. Both sides of the struggle were using a distributive scheme because their primary Interests were opposed and did non mind about the other or their relationship. The struggle was resolved by the Evian Accords, the consequence of dialogues between representatives of France and the Probationary Government of the Algerian Republic ( GPRA ) formed by the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) during the Algerian war.A These understandings were signed March 18, 1962 in Evian and consequence in an immediate armistice applied to the full Algerian district. The Evian Accords besides allowed the colons equal legal protection with Algerians over a three-year period. These rights, among others, included regard for belongings, engagement in public personal businesss, and a full scope of civil and cultural rights[ 9 ]Competitive or concerted?It was preponderantly competitory, due to both parties were oriented to single benefits and additions, France and Algeria were working against the other for maximization of self-interest, France concentrated all its forces to retain the â€Å" Gallic Algeria †[ 10 ]and the FLN ( Front de Liberation Nationale ) was taking the mutuality from France. Towards the terminal of 1995 France and Algeria was involved in a complete clime of war[ 11 ].Presence of powerAlgeria did non hold much power because the initial military actions were limited and were without mass popular support, alternatively, France had more military power, but that was non plenty to hinder the Algerian independency. As the struggle grew the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency, but besides turned universe sentiment against France[ 12 ].Trust, how to construct it?There was n't, swear in fact people thought that it was n't a manner to decide the job, as the Gallic curate of interior, socialist Francois Mitterrand said â€Å" the lone possible dialogue is war. † They can construct trust doing an understanding, but the of import point is non to do it but to carry through it, both parties would hold to maintain their promises, act as expected and put trust in the other, in this manner France and Algeria would make a concretion based trust.Unethical tactics and schemesThere was n't unethical tactics but societal contract and terminal consequence moralss used because both parties ( Algerian population and Gallic colonial authorities ) were believing that mass apprehensions and anguish was right for the society so it would be right for the persons and they thought that was ethical if they achieve what they want it and it does n't count how this was obtained. There was used contending as a scheme for dialogue, because both parties were seeking to carry the other to accept what they wanted that favor one ‘s ain involvements.Negotiation between the partiesthe independency tide was unstoppable, in 1962 the Evians Accord signaled France ‘s credence of self finding for the Algerian people and laid out the timetable for eventual Algerian independency in 1962 with Ben Bella as its first President[ 13 ], so, in this struggle was used a dialogue as via media, because France give up and accept the Algerian independency.DecisionsThe issue can be classified as a struggle because the Gallic colonial authorities and the Algerians had really of import differences and thought making an understanding was impossible. It was destructive ; this struggle let 1000000s of dead Gallic and Algerians. Although making an understanding seemed to be impossible the Algerians achieved it taking advantage of the failing phase France was traveling through and the dissension of the international community with its colonisation procedure. This struggle is chiefly political because it consists of an cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. The struggle was resolved in 1962 with the Evian ‘s agreement in which France accepted the conditions that leaded to the Algerian independency.

Explore How Steinbeck Presents the Relationship Between George and Lennie

In traditional fairytales, ogres are man eating beasts. The prince usually rescues the princess and they live happily ever after. 18. 10. 10 The main themes in a traditional fairytale are always either based on Romance/Magic & Evil. The main elements always are the antagonist (the bad guy), the protagonist (The good guy) and mainly sometimes the helper. In traditional fairytales the antagonist, the protagonist and the helper are often stereotypical, take Cinderella for example the princess is warm hearted, beautiful, nice and kind.The prince is always often handsome, charming, brave and wealthy The film ‘Shrek’ begins in a traditional way by using the most common phrase ‘Once upon a time’ that gives you an idea that the film has used some traditional phrases. Well you can tell by the opening scene that ‘Shrek’ is different to a traditional fairytale on how it shows Shrek doing his own thing. Shrek is very not like a stereotypical prince. Shrek i s an Ogre which straight away puts a picture in your mind of like a dirty, scary and ugly and also could be the enemy. The music when we first meet Shrek is a contrapuntal sound. It doesn’t really match the things he was doing.For example, when Shrek is in a mud bath. The music gave you a happy/exciting feeling and quite a good/bad impression; it also sets the mood throughout the scene. Shrek threatens the villagers in the film. On this scene you see Shrek as a dangerous monster, which looks ugly and also very angry; with his loud raw he scares away the villagers. The way Shrek acts, it makes out that he is very violent and aggressive and also the he could harm the villagers. In the scene with the villagers, a close up is used to show the detail of Shrek’s face and how large he looks and what he actually looks like close up.I do think Shrek is a stereotypical ogre at this point because he fits with his personality well on how a scary, evil person he sometimes can be. W hen Shrek meets Fiona he drags her out by her arm which is not a prince like thing to do. This shows you Shrek does act like an Ogre. Princess Fiona responds in a shocked way, She thought that Shrek would come in and sweep her of her feet instead he done the opposite and just dragged her out and also he didn’t defeat the dragon which is not like a rescue Princess Fiona expected.The music we hear when we first meet Lord Farquard is non digenetic and also parallel. It matches on how we first see Lord Farquard. When we first hear the music it suggests that Lord Farquard is strong and powerful almost like a stereotypical prince. When Lord Farquard threatens the Ginger Bread man it makes us think this is not how a stereotypical prince would act. Stereotypical princes act sweet and caring and Lord Farquard acts evil, nasty and demanding. Lord Farquard acts disgusted when he finds out Princess Fiona is an ogre.You can tell Lord Farquard is shocked and can’t believe his eyes. The impression Lord Farquard gives the audience is that he is not a stereotypical prince and is more like an evil controlling prince which makes us see his true colours. I think Lord Farquard is not a stereotypical prince because he is not handsome, charming or kind and shows he is only after marrying Princess Fiona to becoming king. Shrek’s swomp is what I think of how an ogre’s home would look like. It’s daunting. a ruin, decayed and grubby.Lord Farquard’s castle is what I’d expect a castle to look like it’s appealing, gigantic, impressive and stylish. Shrek is not like a stereo typical ogre at the end of the film because you see the real side of him which is sweet, caring and loving. ‘Shrek’ is not like a traditional fairytale because every character is not like its stereotypical character. You wouldn’t usually find a princess which becomes an ogre or an ogre that marries a princess also Lord Farquard who you would exp ect to be the protagonist is actually the antagonist.